Patience in Facing Conflict Among the Prophets in the Holy Qur’an: A Thematic Study

Abstract

Conflict is a social phenomenon inseparable from human life. The Qur’an affirms that diversity of views constitutes part of Allah’s established order in creation (sunnatullah). If not managed properly, differences may develop into division, hostility, and conflicts that are detrimental to social life. In addressing these various forms of conflict, the Qur’an presents the stories of the prophets as exemplary models, with patience (ṣabr) serving as one of the principal psychological and spiritual attitudes accompanying their mission and struggle. This study aims to analyze the forms of patience demonstrated by the prophets in dealing with the conflicts they encountered throughout their prophetic narratives in the Qur’an. Employing a qualitative method and a thematic exegesis (tafsīr mawdū‘ī) approach, the study collects Qur’anic verses related to patience and conflict and examines them through classical exegetical sources, particularly Tafsir Ibn Kathir and Tafsir al-Qurtubi. The findings reveal that the prophets’ patience manifested in diverse patterns according to the nature of the conflicts they faced. Nuh demonstrated patience through the continuity of his mission despite prolonged rejection of his call to faith. Ibrahim exemplified patience in confronting theological disagreement and familial conflict while maintaining rational dialogue and gentleness. Musa exhibited patience in dealing with political conflict with Fir’aun and social conflict among his own people. Muhammad demonstrated patience in addressing the complex religious and societal conflicts in both Makkah and Madinah. This study concludes that patience is not a passive attitude; rather, it represents an active Qur’anic approach to preventing the escalation of conflict while serving as the foundation of steadfastness in da’wah, integrated with trust and confidence in Allah. The study is expected to offer a Qur’anic model for managing social differences that remains relevant and applicable in contemporary society.