Ehics Penalty Reflections on the concept and characteristics between Islam and pre-Islamic era

Abstract

This research aims to clarify an important aspect of the merits of the moral system in Islam, by clarifying the penalty resulting from morals, by clarifying the concept of this penalty, its aspects, and types, and clarifying some of its characteristics, with a comparison with what the penalty was in the pre-Islamic era, and the purpose of That is to reveal the greatness of the advancement that Islam brought about in the moral system. I made it into: an introduction, a preface, two chapters, and a conclusion. In the introduction, I talked about the research problem, its objectives, previous studies, and the research plan. As for the preamble, I made it to clarify the most prominent vocabulary in the title of the research, and I explained in the first topic: the types of moral penalty in the pre-Islamic era, and its characteristics, and I mentioned in it that one of the types of pre-Islamic punishment is: the divine penalty, and it includes the reward of God Almighty with what the polytheists believe that the gods have retributive power. The other important type for them is the social penalty, which is very present in the pre-Islamic reality, as I showed in this section some of the characteristics of the moral penalty in the pre-Islamic era, including: redemption in punishments by paying money, or dropping it on behalf of people with organizations, as well as differentiating between nobles and gentlemen and others. As for the second topic, I made it to explain the types of punishment in Islam and its characteristics. Among its types: the divine penalty, which is of two types: the worldly and the other, and the social penalty: which is of two types: material and moral, then I talked about the characteristics of the penalty in Islam, including: that it is based on tolerance and generosity, and its inclusion of the body and soul, the world and the hereafter, the individual and society, In the third topic, a comparison was made between the moral penalty in the pre-Islamic era and Islam, in which the aspects of agreement and the differences between the penalty in both of them were clarified. Then the research concluded with a set of results and recommendations.