THE CHALLENGES OF THE CULTURAL REALITY OF MAKKAH AL-MUKARRAMAH IN THE TRAVEL BOOKS OF WESTERN TRAVELERS

Abstract

Mecca had its own reality during the journeys of travelers from Europe to it, The meeting of people in the pilgrimage with different countries, and the multiplicity of their languages had its positive effects, but this meeting of multiple nations, stripes and sects did not have to come to Mecca free of many of its heritages and habits, and sometimes its mistakes that affected the cultural reality in Mecca.Among the research objectives: to show the extent to which Western travelers were interested in their trips to Mecca in writing about the most important challenges they were facing at the time, and to identify the most prominent internal challenges in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, according to what Western travelers observed in their writings, and to stand on the most prominent external challenges in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, according to what Western travelers have observed in their writings, The descriptive scientific research method that is most appropriate for the subject has been used, Among the search results,The cultural challenges were represented in those problems that the people faced in Mecca, and this was confirmed by what the travellers wrote themselves, The trips to Mecca were of great importance in explaining the cultural situation of Mecca, as it contained a wonderful depiction of the challenges that Mecca was facing at that time, The tenth century AH, and beyond, is the beginning of activity and writing in the travel books to Mecca from travelers, Scientific weakness, the spread of superstitions and heresies, the presence of Sufism and the spread of beggary were among the most important challenges to the cultural reality in Makkah at that time, Among the researcher's recommendations: It is recommended to those interested and researchers to pay more attention to the cultural history of Makkah Al-Mukarramah to the various stations and successive stages, The researcher also recommends the institutions concerned with Makkah to collect what was written about the reality of Makkah in travel books The researcher recommends researchers from graduate students, to search for books of travelers to Makkah Al-Mukarramah, especially Westerners, The descriptive scientific research method that is most appropriate for the subject has been used, Among the search results: The cultural challenges were represented in those problems that the people faced in Mecca, and this was confirmed by the travellers writing them down, The trips to Mecca were of great importance in explaining the cultural situation of Mecca, as it contained a wonderful depiction of the challenges that Mecca was facing at the time, The tenth century AH, and beyond, is the beginning of activity and writing in the travel books to Mecca from travelers.