الأخلاق الاجتماعية: دراسة مقارنة بين النظريات الوضعية والرؤية الإسلامية [Social Ethics: A Comparative Study between Secular Theories and the Islamic Perspective]

Abstract

This study explores social ethics as a fundamental pillar in shaping a balanced human society. From the Islamic perspective, the purpose of human existence lies in the dual mission of worshipping God and developing the earth. Social ethics are not limited to individual behavior but represent an integrated framework that reflects the divine honor granted to humankind, while promoting values of equality, justice, integrity, and consultation (Shūrā). The research highlights Qur’anic examples from prophetic missions: Noah, who confronted social stratification; Shuʿayb, who emphasized economic integrity; and Lot, who challenged moral deviation. These examples illustrate that social ethics are vital for preserving human dignity. The study also addresses contemporary challenges such as racism, social injustice, and moral decline, underscoring that social ethics are a civilizational necessity. They provide a foundation for peaceful coexistence, protect human rights, and maintain harmony between individual rights and collective responsibilities.