نظرية الوحي في فكر فضل الرحمن مالك: دراسة نقدية [The Theory of Revelation In The Thought of Fadel Elrrahman Malik: A Critical Study]

Abstract

This study examines Fazlur Rahman Malik’s theory of revelation and the Qur’an, with the aim of analyzing its dimensions and implications. Rahman argued that revelation was sent down to the heart of the Prophet Muḥammad ﷺ in meaning only, not in wording. He denied that the Angel Jibrīl (peace be upon him) conveyed revelation verbally to the Prophet ﷺ and viewed it instead as a psychological experience. According to his view, the wording of the Qur’an originated from the Prophet himself. The study employs the analytical method, presenting the main aspects of Rahman’s theory by examining his writings—particularly his works Islam and Islam and Modernity. It also applies the critical method to evaluate the validity of his claims. The findings reveal that Rahman’s theory places the Qur’anic text within a purely human framework, situating revelation within its socio-historical context and thereby stripping it of its timelessness and universality. This approach results in the desacralization of the Qur’an. Furthermore, Rahman’s methodology offers no consistent or objective criteria for engaging with the Qur’anic text, relying instead solely on rational reasoning.