Semantic diversity in descriptions The active participle, active participle, and modal adjective: a model

Abstract

ABSTRACT: The researcher is set out to the semantic meanings of adjective forms (أوصاف) due to the fact that the variousness of the forms indicates flexibility of Arabic Language, and it shows its adequate semantic fields. However, the researcher uses the forms (اسم الفاعل – اسم المفعول – الصفة المشبهة باسم الفاعل) as samples to the research, due to the fact that these three forms of adjective are the roots of other forms in Arabic language. Thus, the adjective form (اسم الفاعل) semantically implies the affirmative phenomenon of the person involved. Therefore, if the relationship of between the incidence and the person involved is emerged from the very person, then it is (اسم الفاعل) especially when it solely shows the occurrence, while it is referred to be (الصفة المشبهة باسم الفاعل) when it indicates the stable occurrence and eternity. Furthermore, if the relationship between the two lays in such a way that the incidence falls upon the person, it is said to be (اسم المفعول). Henceforth, the semantic meaning of the form (اسم الفاعل) upon the incidence arises when comparing it with the form (الصفة المشبهة باسم الفاعل). On the other hand, when comparing it with the verb (الفعل), it is considered to be clearer than the verb, since the verb only signifies the occurrence and re-occurrence. By critically looking at the semantic tenses of (اسم الفاعل) and that of (اسم المفعول) along with (الصفة المشبهة باسم الفاعل) it varies, because it is being disburse among the past, present and future tenses, just like it can be disburse on present continuous tense. Since the form (الصفة المشبهة باسم الفاعل) is clearer than the form (اسم الفاعل) then the adjective form should be converted from the scale (فاعل) to (فعيل) or any other scale that indicate the form of (الصفة المشبهة باسم الفاعل) when the need arises. Thereby, we can convert (سامع) to (سميع) and (عالم) to (عليم) and (حاذر) to (حذِر) and (شاهد) to (شهيد) and also (حافظ) to (حفيظ) when we refer to the stable occurrence and eternity. On the contrary, when we refer to the simple occurrence we re-convert from the scale of (الصفة المشبهة باسم الفاعل) to the form (اسم الفاعل), thus we convert the form (شريف) to (شارف) and (عليم) to (عالم) and (ملِك) to (مالك) and (رحيم) to (راحم). Thus, the scale (فعيل) can substitute the scale (مفعول) when it shows exaggeration in the adjectival form, or when it shows the occurrence of the verb in the past. Therefore, we can convert (مقتول) to (قتيل) in order to indicate that the person has been killed in the past. Allah knows best.