النوازل في عصر النبوة والخلافة الراشدة (ملامح ومناهج معالجة وفوائد)

Abstract

The era of Prophethood and the Rightly Guided Caliphate represents a foundational phase in Islamic history, during which doctrinal issues and emerging challenges arose, driven by intellectual, social, and religious transformations. These challenges stemmed from the interaction of Islamic beliefs with multi-religious and multicultural societies, necessitating precise responses grounded in the Prophetic methodology. This underscores the importance of shedding light on these challenges in terms of their characteristics, the methodological foundations used to address them, and the lessons that can be drawn for contemporary doctrinal challenges. This study aims to identify the most significant doctrinal challenges of the Prophetic and Caliphate eras, outline their general characteristics, analyze the Prophetic approaches to addressing them, and explore the methodologies adopted by the Rightly Guided Caliphs in dealing with these issues. Additionally, it seeks to derive lessons and benefits from these methodologies for addressing contemporary doctrinal concerns. To achieve these objectives, the research employs a comprehensive methodology that integrates inductive, analytical, purposive (maqasidi), and historical approaches. The study concludes with key findings, including identifying the general features of the challenges during this period, understanding the approaches employed in addressing them—both the Prophetic and the Caliphate methodologies—examining the impact of resolving these challenges on the construction of the Islamic community, and extracting the benefits and lessons applicable to modern times..

Keywords: Contractual Incidents, Era of Prophethood, Era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, Features, Treatment.