الاقتراض اللغوي واقتراض الإنجليزية من العربية

Abstract

Humans speak in different languages, and some of the results of this diversity is linguistic ​​borrowing from each other. Thus, English has borrowed words from many languages of the world, including Arabic. The existence of Arabic loanwords in English has attracted the attention of researchers since the thirties of the 20^th century. However, the Arabic studies have neither addressed the historical and social linguistics aspects of their borrowing into English, nor have they addressed the reasons behind the presence of these loanwords. The current research aims at investigating linguistic borrowing in a way that clarifies its types, shows the factors of its occurrence, and explains how English borrowed its Arabic words. The research is grounded in each of the approaches and methods of historical linguistics and sociolinguistics. Some of the findings are that the need for expressing Islamic concepts during England’s colonization of the Islamic world was one of the factors that contributed to a large number of borrowings from Arabic. Additionally, Arabic was a primary global language that has lent its words to the world's languages, such as English, and the languages ​​English came into contact with after the expansion of the British Empire.

Keywords: Linguistic borrowing, etymology, al ta’ṣil, loanword, al muʿarrab, al muwallad.